
Math researcher Nico Diaz-Wahl talked about diophantine equations, elliptic curves and cryptography to Math Club on Tuesday.
A fifth year Ph.D. student, Nico spoke about the primary focus of his research at Purdue, number theory. Having previously taught math classes for the Harker summer program, Diaz-Wahl wished to explore certain topics like elliptic curves more in-depth and to showcase some of their practical applications.
“I love sharing math that you probably wouldn’t see in high school,” Diaz-Wahl said. “A school curriculum kind of locks you into a specific mindset, and people get a certain idea of what mathematics is, but mathematics is so much more than that. Factoring equations, looking for integer solutions, things like that explode into these extremely vast research areas.”
Diaz-Wahl first discussed the history of diophantine equations, or polynomial equations requiring integer solutions. He then dove into the use of Pell’s equation, a specific type of Diophantine equation of the form x^2-ny^2=1. Diaz-Wahl explained how using a bijection on the unit circle and on the x-axis could allow one to characterize all rational Pythagorean triples.
Diaz-Wahl’s talk then moved towards Short Weistrauss Form elliptic curves, a special type of mathematical curve in the form of y^2=x^3+ax+b. He discussed the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, the challenge of figuring out how many times a point was added to itself on a curve, given only the starting point and the final result.
Essentially, repeatedly adding a point to itself on the elliptic curve is easy to compute, but figuring out how many points were added given only a final value is extremely difficult. He explained how Elliptic Curve Cryptography uses this one-way difficulty to secure digital communication.
Math Club member Keji Yuan (9) enjoyed the talk as an early introduction to higher-level mathematics and research.
“I hope that he can come back for a second lecture either this or next year,” Keji said. “The way he structured the lecture had a logical flow to it, and it was really engaging as a whole, especially when he demonstrated the point doubling in the elliptic curves, and used it to prove various topics associated with Fermat’s Last Theorem.”

As a fun demonstration, Diaz-Wahl ended the talk by showing the club a seemingly simple equation with three unknown variables that was being discussed on Mathematics Stack Exchange. Diaz-Wahl explained how solving such an equation required the use of a computer program and elliptic curves approach.
Director of Events & Outreach Elaine Xu (11) discussed her favorite parts of the meeting. Joining the Math Club team last year, Elaine manages the club’s instagram and saw connections between Diaz-Wahl’s research and her own math competition experience.
“He connected a lot of different areas, made it all relatable to us and also mentioned an olympiad problem,” Elaine said. “I found it really funny when he showed us the program he made with elliptic curve solutions 50 digits long and taught us how it related to cryptography.”
Diaz-Wahl hopes to continue sharing his passions with students at the Harker School. He will be teaching another Harker summer class on Algebra 2 this year.
“I want [students] to take away that there’s a lot under the surface of the math that they see in school,” Diaz-Wahl said. “Math has practical applications in our everyday lives, but what fascinates me are all these rich structures that we see in mathematics that are a little bit hidden under the surface at first.”





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