Honors Human Anatomy and Physiology (HAPy) students took part in a two-week rat dissection to reinforce their understanding of internal structures and organs.
Students rotated between the roles of chief surgeon, who led the dissection; assistant surgeon, who aided the chief; nurse, who handled tools; and anatomist, who documented findings.
Following HAPy teacher Anita Chetty’s step-by-step instructions, students dissected designated areas of the rats in groups of four. Chetty explained how the structures they observed function together, helping students understand how each part contributes to the body’s systems.
“It’s nice to see [students] work in collaborative teams and switch roles to understand that in a clinical setting, there are people who are specialized to do things but each of them contributes towards an overall goal,” Chetty said. “In this case, the goal is to complete the dissection, but in a real clinical setting, it’s to heal the person.”

The groups first cut the skin down the midline to expose the rat’s musculature, the network of muscles facilitating movement. After identifying muscles like the pectoralis major and external oblique, students exposed the trachea and thyroid gland.
“By dissecting a real organism, I was granted a sense of texture and fragility of real tissue and organs,” HAPy student Rishi Lalwani (12) said. “Feeling that difference between muscles and tissue in a 3D context is something that you can’t experience through textbooks or lectures.”
In classes leading up to the dissection, students studied body systems, membranes and cavities, concepts they applied during the dissection. The rats, specifically chosen for their laboratory-bred cleanliness and well-preserved internal organs, allowed the students to closely examine thoracic, cervical and abdominopelvic regions in detail.
“The body has layers that go deeper and deeper,” Chetty said. “I want [students] to understand that you can go ahead and do a dissection while still leaving all the structures intact for them to study later. The whole act of exploration is a big theme in the entire science department, so we don’t tend to think of dissection as being exploratory, but that’s what it is.”

Students compiled a lab report as the final step, detailing the anatomical terminology and structures they observed, followed by an oral exam to assess their understanding.
“When you do a dissection, you also have to appreciate that this was once an animal,” HAPy student Rumi Gupta (12) said. “Finding its structures made me realize this is an animal, too. At one point it could use these lungs and heart even though it’s not using them now.”





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