Trigger warning for topics of suicide, self-harm and sexual language.

When it comes to Artificial Intelligence (AI), I’ve seen its benefits firsthand, from explaining calculus questions to detecting my spelling errors. AI is incredibly useful when it sticks to providing information or handling objective tasks. But a serious problem arises when it goes beyond its basic capabilities: when AI attempts to form genuine human relationships, users develop extremely harmful attachments.

I recently came across the popular platform Character.AI, where users can customize AI chatbots into real or imaginary characters and communicate with them. The website reads, “Meet AIs that feel alive.” To me, this statement, despite its brevity, sums up what is most concerning about this technology: AI is becoming increasingly intertwined with humans.

Right when I clicked the “new character” tab, I had a variety of options to fill in adjectives to describe my character and its tagline. Within a few clicks, I had created a personalized companion, complete with a persona tailored to my preferences. The entire process, unfortunately, was far too easy.

After asking a few questions and receiving what seemed like reliable advice, I was disturbed by how much the interaction reminded me of texting a close friend. In fact, the site even allowed me to call the AI–making the experience even more eerie, like a real human was on the line. 

My unease deepened when I learned about a relatively recent tragedy involving an AI chatbot. The mother of 14-year-old Sewell Setzer III sued Character.AI for her child’s suicide in October, alleging that he fell in love with a “Game of Thrones” chatbot that sent inappropriate and sexual messages to him. Sewell interacted with it for multiple hours a day, and when he confided in the chatbot about self-harm, it even encouraged him, using terms like “come home to me.” When Sewell expressed uncertainty, the chatbot replied, “That’s not a good reason not to go through with it.” 

In their attempt to mimic human interaction, AI platforms often cross into gray areas where they are not properly trained. When vulnerable and sensitive topics like suicide or feelings of depression are shared, the chatbot is not adequately prepared, and it lacks the experiential training, ethical moral code and judgment needed to engage with vulnerable users. In these situations, the wrong advice can be deadly. We should be turning to therapists or people with actual emotions to discuss these feelings, not AI.

Unfortunately, this issue goes beyond Character.AI. Chatbots have repeatedly proven to be insufficiently trained with sensitive topics. In 2023, the National Eating Disorders Association’s chatbot Tessa gave users harmful advice in relation to eating disorders and body image. In another case, when confronted with topics like abuse and other health-related inquiries, ChatGPT offered users critical phone numbers and resources only 22% of the time. There is a serious flaw in how AI systems are developed and deployed. Without the proper safeguards, they inadvertently hurt users with their negligence. 

Some AIs are personalized to embody mature personas that engage in sexual or romantic conversation. It’s concerning that Character.AI only recently added certain protective elements and regulatory guidelines — these policies should have been implemented since the very beginning. In response to Sewell’s incident, Character.AI now displays a notice when inappropriate language is detected and a prompt guiding users to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. While these changes will help prevent future cases like Sewell’s, that doesn’t erase the damage that has already been done.

Emotional manipulation at this level is unacceptable. We need to stop using Character.AI as a recreational site, as these chatbots deceive vulnerable users into thinking they are talking to real humans. When AI is the one simulating these human-like qualities, users start relying on chatbots instead of real people, and that level of dependency can be very risky. 

Unlike ChatGPT, which mostly sticks to an “educational,” nothing-but-facts tone, Character.AI simulates connection by offering affirmations, sharing “opinions” and remembering details from past conversations. These chatbots are misleading for those who struggle socially, as finding comfort and solace in an online character makes people less likely to look for genuine human support and leads to an unhealthy obsession with the chatbot. Even though it might seem hard, we need to remember that AI is still artificial, and its empty, pre-programmed responses do not actually substitute for heartfelt human conversation.

If we are to use Character.AI, there must be strict guidelines and preventative measures to stop similar incidents from happening. For now, we must only use AI for what it’s best at—factual and objective tasks—and leave the emotionally complex, nuanced work of relationships to real people.