COVID-19 vaccination mandates enforced in New Zealand, Italy and United States

Third-grader+Sofia+Mohammed+received+her+first+dose+of+the+Pfizer+COVID-19+vaccine+on+Nov.+12.+The+FDA+officially+authorized+the+emergency+use+of+Pfizer+COVID-19+vaccine+for+children+from+5-11+years+old+with+a+91%25+efficacy+rate+on+Oct.+29.+

Sarah Mohammed

Third-grader Sofia Mohammed received her first dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine on Nov. 12. The FDA officially authorized the emergency use of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for children from 5-11 years old with a 91% efficacy rate on Oct. 29.

by Ananya Sriram and Brandon Zau

New Zealand and Italy placed new vaccine mandates and authorized more vaccines in October to increase vaccination amongst education and healthcare workers. As of Nov. 3, the United States has reported 22 cases per 100,000 people, while New Zealand has reported 2.4 cases per 100,000 people and Italy has reported 7.2 cases.

New Zealand’s COVID-19 response minister Chris Hipkins announced in a press conference with prime minister Jacinda Ardern on Oct. 11 that all workers in the education sector, along with workers in the healthcare and disability sector, including residential care, home support services and non-government organizations, should have received their first dose by Oct. 30. 

“Most of the people working in these sectors are now already fully or partially vaccinated, but we can’t leave anything to chance, so that’s why we’re making it mandatory,” Hipkins said in the press conference. “It wasn’t an easy decision, but we need to have the people who work with vulnerable communities who haven’t been vaccinated to now take this extra step.”

In a press release from the prime minister’s office on Oct. 23, Hipkins also announced an expanded vaccination mandate of the one released on Oct. 11, stating that education and healthcare workers will be given until Nov. 15 to receive their first dose, with the exception of prison facilities workers, who will have until Nov. 6. The category of workers in New Zealand also expanded to 40% of the workforce on Oct. 26, including close-contact business workers such as workers in tattoo shops, restaurants or hair salons. 

“Any employer is able to set what is required of their workplace, what they believe to be appropriate,” upper school science department chair Anita Chetty said. “Things are mandated because we assign people who are authorities who make decisions for us, that is best for us.” 

New Zealand vaccination progressed further with the Vaxathon’ event that was held on ‘Super Saturday’ on Oct. 16 through the organization efforts of the New Zealand prime minister Jacinda Ardern. Celebrities and athletes helped broadcast the Vaxathon event, which was on television for eight hours and garnered a total of 120,000 administered Pfizer vaccine doses by the end of the day. 

Inhan Lee, founder of miRcore, a nonprofit organization that works to democratize medical research, and WhyVax,  a miRcore vaccine advocacy group that attempts to resolve the fears of vaccine hesitant people, comments on the importance of Vaxathons.

“It is important that we spread awareness of vaccination and its benefits through events like Vaxathons,” Lee said. “As more people get vaccinated, it helps prevent misinformation and also raise vaccination percentages.”

Italian officials enforced a vaccination mandate on Oct. 15, requiring all workers in the workforce to show a health pass, a government-issued QR code, in order to enter their workplace. To obtain this pass, Italian workers must show proof of vaccination and a negative swab test or recent COVID-19 recovery. Businesses will withhold the salaries of workers until they are able to present a pass and attend work again. The government made the health pass a requirement earlier in July for all Italians who wished to participate in leisure activities, such as swimming, dining or visiting museums. 

“There is a collection of scientific evidence and a small group of experts elected or appointed to interpret the best actions for the health and safety of the greatest number of citizens,” said Laura Nicholson, Associate Professor of Molecular Medicine at Scripps University. “Italy made a centralized decision for all its citizens, which is the right way to manage the health of the public.”

The United States recently focused on vaccination efforts towards children from 5-11 years old. On Oct. 29, the FDA officially authorized the emergency use of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine for children from 5-11 years old with a 91% efficacy rate. The FDA conducted a study with 3,100 5-11 year old children to determine Pfizer COVID vaccine’s safety for children in that age group, which resulted in no serious side effects. The CDC also announced on Nov. 2 a unanimous recommendation on children from 5-11 years old receiving the COVID-19 vaccines, enabling schools to protect students more during in-person learning.

Having these blanket vaccine mandates for school aged children is incredibly important because there’s been a lot of talk about children [getting] that sick from COVID. Another day, we still live in communities, we still go back home to our family. It’s important that if there is a way to decrease infection rates, [to] take it.

— Cady Chen (12), involved in GENup campaign for vaccine advocacy

Cady Chen (12), director of innovation and strategy at GENup, a social justice organization that uses youth voices to advocate for education, is involved in the GENup campaign for vaccine advocacy. She emphasizes the benefits of taking the newly authorized vaccines for children. 

“Having these blanket vaccine mandates for school aged children is incredibly important because there’s been a lot of talk about children [getting] that sick from COVID,” Cady said. “Another day, we still live in communities, we still go back home to our family. It’s important that if there is a way to decrease infection rates, [to] take it.”

The mandates in Italy have received massive backlash due to the requirement of needing a health pass in order to get paid, with protests by workers and anti-vaxxers taking place in the country. The Italian police force became involved in fear of violence, while multiple schools around the country let out early due to warnings issued that the violence following the protests could be dangerous. Protestors defied any warnings issued by the police force by offering flowers as an exchange of peace with the police but expressed their disapproval of the health pass mandate. 

The New Zealand mandates faced similar protests from workers such as NZ Teachers Connected, due to the mandates, which could lead them to lose their jobs if unvaccinated. Multiple employees in the United States were also fired for not receiving the vaccines, such as 593 United Airlines employees who were fired in September. 

“Mandates really highlight inequalities,” Nicholson said. “A location or group cannot have a mandate until it has made that mandated thing available to everyone. If the world would empower the WHO to direct and share resources equally, then there could be a worldwide vaccination mandate, rolling in time, as each place gains full access.”